Choosing Motor Kv and Calculating Rotor RPM (Simplified from James Wang's original doc)

• Low RPM: Reduces aerodynamic drag, resulting in longer flight times (endurance).
• High RPM: Delivers crisper 3D maneuvers (better control response) and combats retreating blade stall in high-speed flight.

• Governor Mode (Recommended): Acts like cruise control, maintaining a constant RPM regardless of flight loads to provide a consistent control feel. Requires some "headroom" (setting target RPM below max capacity).
• Fixed-Endpoint Mode: Best for beginners or inexpensive models without a governor. Uses manual transmitter throttle curves (e.g., 0-45-65-85-100).

Motor RPM drops under aerodynamic load. A correction factor of 0.85 to 0.89 (representing a 15% to 11% drop) accurately predicts real-world performance.

• Torque vs. Power: Choose a motor with sufficient torque so it doesn't "bog down" (slow down significantly) during full collective pitch climbs. Avoid over-motoring to prevent mechanical stress.
• Heat Test: If the motor or ESC is too hot to touch for 3 seconds after flight, the system is overloaded or under-specced.
• To Increase RPM: You can reduce the gear ratio, switch to a higher Kv motor, or increase the LiPo battery cell count.