| Hands-off hover (neutral collective) |
Long-term drift, slow wobble, tail wag, and how the heli “settles” after small disturbances.
|
I-term (drift correction), P-term (baseline authority), D-term (micro wobble),
HSI (hover stability / porpoising), I-term relax (how much I is allowed during stick movement)
|
| Precision hover with micro stick inputs |
Micro corrections, nervousness vs. dead feel, and whether the heli fights or follows tiny inputs.
|
P-term (fine authority), D-term (micro oscillation damping),
feedforward (stick tracking), I-term relax (prevent I from fighting quick nudges)
|
| Stationary pirouette (constant rate) |
Pirouette rate consistency, tail wag, heading hold, and cyclic wobble during rotation.
|
Tail P/I/D (rate & hold), I-term (heading hold),
D-term (tail bounce), feedforward (yaw stick tracking)
|
| Piro-pogo (pirouette with repeated pitch pumps) |
Tail stability under pitch pumps, slow oscillations, and how the heli recovers between pumps.
|
I-term (steady-state error & slow oscillation), P-term (supporting I),
HSI (pitch/collective coupling), tail P/I/D (torque compensation)
|
| Fast forward flight (constant collective) |
Straight-line tracking, pitch stability, tail blowout, and high-speed cyclic oscillations.
|
P-term (tracking authority), D-term (high-speed oscillation damping),
feedforward (stick tracking), I-term (long-term directional hold)
|
| Fast forward flight with heavy + / - collective |
Porpoising (nose-up / nose-down oscillation), pitch coupling to collective,
and how quickly the heli re-stabilizes after collective changes.
|
HSI (collective–pitch coupling / porpoising), I-term (pitch hold over time),
P-term (pitch authority), D-term (damping of pitch oscillations)
|
| Collective pumps (rapid up/down collective at level attitude) |
Climb/descend overshoot, tail dip or kick, cyclic bobble, and torque-induced yaw.
|
Collective feedforward, P-term (collective authority),
D-term (overshoot damping), tail P/I/D (torque compensation), Boost (initial punch)
|
| Hard elevator jabs at full collective |
Nose bobbing, pitch wobble, and whether the heli “rocks” back and forth.
|
HSI (elevator/collective interaction), P-term (pitch authority),
D-term (pitch wobble damping), I-term (slow pitch oscillation)
|
| Full-stick flips and rolls (continuous) |
Overall rotation rate, smoothness, and whether the heli feels “lazy” or overly aggressive.
|
P-term (rotation authority), feedforward (stick-driven rate),
Boost (extra punch at full stick), I-term relax (prevent I from building during flips)
|
| Four-point rolls (stop at 0°, 90°, 180°, 270°) |
Entry snap, stop sharpness at each point, bounce-back, and timing consistency between points.
|
Boost (snap at start/stop), feedforward (stick immediacy),
D-term (stop bounce), P-term (stop authority), I-term relax (avoid I-induced rebound)
|
| Four-point flips (front/back with defined stops) |
How cleanly the heli hits and holds each stop, and whether it “falls through” or rebounds.
|
Boost (initial punch and stop snap), feedforward (tracking each segment),
D-term (overshoot damping), P-term (segment authority), I-term (hold between points)
|
| Large, smooth loops (constant radius) |
Loop entry and exit, radius consistency, and whether the heli drifts off heading or pitch.
|
I-term (long-term pitch & heading hold), P-term (loop shape authority),
HSI (collective/pitch coupling through the loop), feedforward (stick-driven shape)
|
| Aggressive loops (hard entry & exit) |
Entry snap, exit recovery, overshoot, and whether the heli “falls out” or snaps back too hard.
|
I-term (recovery to baseline attitude), D-term (entry/exit overshoot damping),
Boost (entry punch), feedforward (stick-driven loop timing)
|
| High-speed cyclic reversals (aileron/elevator) |
Wobble, oscillation, tail kick, and whether the heli feels “rubber bandy” during reversals.
|
P-term (cyclic strength), D-term (oscillation control),
feedforward (tracking reversals), I-term relax (prevent I from fighting rapid changes)
|
| Tic-tocs (alternating pitch/roll with strong collective) |
Stop sharpness, center stability, tail behavior, and whether the heli “walks” or wobbles.
|
P-term (stop authority), D-term (stop bounce & wobble),
Boost (snap between sides), feedforward (stick immediacy),
I-term (center hold), HSI (collective/pitch coupling)
|
| Autorotation entry |
Tail stability, cyclic smoothness, and how cleanly the heli transitions off power.
|
I-term (long-term stability), tail P/I/D (torque release behavior),
feedforward (collective transition crispness), Boost (initial collective change)
|
| Autorotation flare & landing |
Flare overshoot, tail kick, cyclic bobble, and how precisely the heli arrests descent.
|
P-term (flare authority), D-term (flare overshoot damping),
I-term (post-flare attitude hold), feedforward (flare timing), Boost (initial flare punch)
|
| Small stick bumps around center (cyclic & tail) |
Stick tracking accuracy, delay, overshoot, and micro-bounce at center.
|
Feedforward (stick following), Boost (extra snap),
P-term (baseline authority), D-term (micro-bounce damping),
I-term relax (keep I from fighting quick bumps)
|
